Onset
Curvature of the spine is a common condition that may occur anytime from infancy through adolescence. It is often first recognized during periods of rapid growth.

Types
There are two types of curvatures that require treatment: Kyphosis and Scoliosis.

Kyphosis
Kyphosis is an exaggerated fullness of the upper spine. It is often mistaken for poor posture due to its round-shouldered appearance. When a child with Kyphosis bends forward, there is a sharp angle or "hump" on the back instead of a smooth contour. There is often a greater lumbar Lordosis, or swayback, in the lower spine as well.

Scoliosis
Scoliosis is a side-to-side or lateral curve in the spine. It is a more common type of spinal curvature.

The normal spine appears straight when viewed from the back. In Scoliosis, one shoulder may be higher than the other, one scapula (shoulder blade) may stick out more, the waistline or hips may be uneven, and when the child bends forward, there may be a prominence or fullness on one side of the back.

Causes
The cause for most curvatures of the spine has not been found. Children with a family history of Scoliosis or Kyphosis have a slightly higher risk of developing one of these conditions.

Treatment
Treatment for curvatures of the spine vary according to the age of the child and the size of the curve. In general, small curves are best treated by observation. Observation is important, especially in the growing child when the risk for curve progression (increase in size) is the greatest. A back examination and, sometimes, an x-ray is/are required every four to six months while a child is growing.

The Medium Curve
A medium-sized curve in a child who is still growing may be treated with a brace (orthosis). The appropriate brace for each patient is determined by the physician. The brace is not a corrective device and does not make the spine straight. However, if the brace is worn as prescribed, the progression of the curve is often slowed or stopped. During treatment with a brace, examinations and x-rays are needed two to three times each year.

The Large Curve
Large curves may require surgery to prevent further progression. If surgery is necessary, a meeting will be held with the physician, who will explain the details of the procedure.

At this time, medical treatments, including observation, bracing, and/or surgery are the only proven methods for treating Scoliosis.